Apparatus for reconstituting dried powders



Sept. 4, 1951 s. T. COULTER ErAL APPARATUS FOR vRECONSTITUTING DRIED POWDERS Filed Nov. 2l, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS TM m W, CLM` A Tm@ @JW 5M Y B Sept 4, 1951 s. T. COULTER ET AL 2,566,555

APPARATUS FOR RECONSTITUTING DRIED POWDERS Filed Nov. 2l, 1947 l 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN TOR S- SAMUEL T Coz/L 7'2"@ Josfpn L. BECKER @Y WMV/(7m A 7 Tom/E Ys Sept. 4, 1951 s. r. COULTER ETAL APPARATUS FOR REcoNsTITuTING DRIED PownERs Filed Nov. 21, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 JNVENToRs SAMUEL 7.' COULTER fosa-PH L. BECKER A TToR/VE Ys Sept. 4, 1951 s. T. COULTER ET AL APPARATUS FOR RECONSTITUTING DRIED PownERs Filed NQv. 21, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Sept. 4, 1951 APPARATUS FOR RECONSTITUTIN G DRIED PQWDERS Samuel T. Coulter, St. Paul, and Joseph L. Becker, Stillwater, Minn., assignors to Maple Island, Inc., a corporation of Minnesota Application November 21, 1947, Serial No. 787,330

This application relates to an improved apparatus for reconstituting powders into solutions or dispersions and is particularly directed to apparatus for reconstituting dried milk powders as liquid milk.

In use of dried milk and other edible foodI powders it is disadvantageous to prepare the solutions or dispersions, as the case may be, much in advance of the time of use. Hence, the preparation of the solutions or dispersions is carried out frequently and they may be prepared in relatively small batches or large batches. This necessitates frequent cleaning and sterilization of the equipment. At the same time the solution or dispersion may be of small or large size up to several hundred gallons in many instances, and it is desirable to have adequate capacity for such contingencies, so that relatively large batches can be prepared, if desired.

What is most important the apparatus must prepare a complete dispersion or solution of the dried powder free from appreciable lumps or agglomerates of undissolved or undispersed powder.

Apparatus heretofore available has not been 19 Claims. (Cl. 259--10) satisfactory because of its large size, expensive construction, inadequate operation, small capacity of general ineffectiveness. Thus, for dissolving dried milk powders in medium size batches, the apparatus heretofore available has been a large and expensive mixer or an impeller mixer. Using such a device, it takes about 45 minutes to one hour tov prepare a batch of reconstituted milk from the requisite amounts of water and dried milk powder, regardless of the size of the batch.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome these difficulties and to provide an improved apparatus for preparing solutions or dispersions of dried powders and particularly to provide an improved device of small size, capable of being built and maintained economically, yet capable of effective operation at a high rate of capacity and of providing uniform fluid products whether the batch is large or small.

Other and further objects of the invention are those inherent in the apparatus herein illustrated, described and claimed.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevational view;

Figure 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken in the direction of arrows 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken in the direction of arrows 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a separated view of certain portions of the apparatus;

Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional View corresponding to Figure 2 but showing a slightly modied form of the invention;

Figure 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional View like that shown in Figure 2, but illustrating a slightly modiiied form of the invention;

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view showing a modified form of the invention;

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken in the direction of arrows 8--8 of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional View corresponding to that shown in Figure 8 showing a slightly modified form of construction;

Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view of a further modified form of the invention;

Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view of another form of the invention utilized especially for producing liquid dispersions or solutions of dried powders, such as fluid milk from dried milk powder; and

Figure 12 is a horizontal sectional View taken in the direction of arrows I2-I2 of Figure 11.

Throughout the drawings'corresponding numerals refer to the same parts. Y'

Referring to the drawings the apparatus comprises a base or frame I 0 on which the apparatus of the invention generally designated II is mounted along with the motor I2 or other power source which serves to rotate the impeller of the apparatus Il. The device II comprises a suitable base plate I3 which is attached by means of bolts I 4 to the base IB. The base plate I3 has a vertical fiange I5 which is suitably stiifened at I6 and I'I so as to provide a rigid support for a bearing housing I9 and for the device I8 which serves to mix the dry powders and liquids. The bearing housing I9 is preferably provided with precision ball bearings which serve rotatably to support the shaft 20. The bearings are held in the housing I9 by end plates 2l which are fastened by screws 22. The bearing housing is preferably provided with a greasing connection at 24. The shaft 20 is connected'by the coupling 25 to the shaft 26 of the motor I2.

The unit I8 is preferably cast integrally with the base I3 and the flange and supporting webs I5, I5 and Il. The unit I8 is of short cylindrical shape and has a cylindrical interior cavity 21 throughout the length L. The cavity 21 is closed by the end wall 28 which terminates in the gland housing 29. The shaft 20 carries a flange 30 which serves as a seat for spring 3| of the spring loaded gland 32. The housing I8 is open at the end and is arranged to be closed by an end plate 34 which has slotted ears 35 at each side to receive the draw-down bolts 36 provided with wing nuts 3l. The bolts 35 are held by pins 38 which pass through the pairs of ears 39 on opposite sides of the housing I8. The bolts 36 can thus be swung out of the way so as to permit the.

end plate 34 to be removed from the housing I8. It is also possible to swing thebolts 36 into place and then by turning down the Wing nuts 31 firmly to seat the end plate 34 onto the housing I8.

The end plate 34 is provided with a flange portion 4i! which extends a short distance into the cylindrical bore 2l of the housing I8. The ange 40 seats against a cylindrical liner generally designated 42. Liner 42 is of thin sheet metal and is of perfectly cylindrical configuration so that it has a slipl fit into the cylindrical bore. 2l

Yof' the housing. The liner 42 has an Vaxial length slightly less than the length L of the housing so that when the end plate 34' is pulled down onto the housing and the flange 40 thereof protrudes slightly into the bore 2T, theflange will contact the edge of the liner at 44andthus hold the liner .firmly in place in the housing without, however,

causing anybuckling of the liner.

The entire surface of the liner 42 is perforated with a multitude of smaliapertures 45. In an exemplary installation in accordance with'the present invention. the liner was of corrosion resistant metal and. had a thickness T of .024 inch andthe apertures 45 hada .diameter of .050 inch andwere spaced .0.72 inch apart throughout the entire surface ofthe. liner. It is vto be understood. however, that the linerY may be of other thicknesses andhave vapertures of different diameter and spacing without departing from the spirit of the .present inventiorn Thevshaft. 20 extends intothe.- cylindrical bore and has a portion of reduced diameter at 46 to receive an impeller 48 which is held in .place by theV nut 4.9 on theeshaft. 45. The impeller has a width W slightly less` thanthe distance. between the end plate34- and the inner surface of wall 28 so as to leave only clearanceat 55 and 5|. The impeller diameter Dis-slightly less than the diameter of the cylindrical inner surface of. the liner 42` so as to leavey only slight. clearance at 52 and54 between the ends 55- and 56Y ofthe impeller and the innervcylindrical surface of the linerl 42. The impeller is= preferably chamfered offat corners 5l and. 58- so as tol form a propeller f shape which draws the liquid into4 the cavity when the; propeller'v is rotated in thedirection of arrowA 55.

The end plate 34l is-.prov-ided. with. a'downwardly sloping inlet tube. 654v having a coarse threaded end connection 6| towhi'ch a sanitary linemay be easily connected. The tube 6i] is firmly ate tached to the plate 34 and terminates at the port 63 centrallyr of the pumpcavity. Hence, the incoming liquid and dry'V powder in unmixedcondition is drawn intoY thev cavity by the propeller action of therotary impeller 48.

A tangential. outlet of the housing I8 is providedA at 62'. The outlet tube 62 has a diameter 64' which isV preferably only slightly less than the length L ofthe cylindrical cavity of the housing I8. The outlet pipe 62. terminates in a coarse thread'l to which a sanitary outlet tube. may readilyv be connectedA The outlet port area E5 which is the termination of the outlet tube 62' in 4 the housing I8 is completely covered by the liner 42.

In use the dry powder and the liquid which are to be thoroughly mixed into a solution or finely dispersed emulsion are preliminarily mixed in appropriate quantities in any suitable container which is connected to the inlet pipe-EI. A suitable outlet tube is connected at 61. The motor I2 is then started and it serves to rotate the impeller 43 in the direction of arrow 59. The liquid and powder` in unmixed condition flows in the direction of arrow |55 through the inlet pipe Eil and isdrawn into the cavity of the housing I8 by the screw action of the impeller 48 due to the shape formed by the cut-away portions 58 and 51. The liquid and powder are then thoroughly mixed by the impeller 48' rotating in the cavity. The closerclearance at 52 and 54 between the tips 55 and 56 of the impeller and the aperture at surface of the liner 42 causes an intense churning and shearing action upon the particles which causes thernY to beseparated from each other and either dissolvedin the liquid or completely dispersed therein (in the event the powder is of `an insoluble type), and in addition theimpeller action causes the liquid to beA expelled through those apertures 45 which overlie the outlet port area 65, thus causing the mixedliquid to be dis'- charged in the'direction of `arrow 68 through the outlet tube 62'.v

By way ofillustration, a unit having an axial length L of` 11%, inches, thickness T of .024 inch and an internal diameter, of member 42V of 8.95 inches andhaving holesr45of'a diameter of .050 inch uniformly distributed 169 holes per square inch of surface oflelement, androtating at a speedof v1729 R.. P. M. hada capacity of 20 gallons per minute of reconstituted whole milk using whole milk dry powder and' liquid in appropriate quantities for the incomingV fiow through tube 60. By way ofcomparisonga rotary type (Lightningl mixer in an open tank requires about' 45 minutes to one hour for preparing a batch, regardless of the size of the batch, and the mixture so produced by such prior equipment is not as homogeneous and smooth as'that produced by the apparatus' of the present invention.

Referring tov Figure. 5 the apparatus is the same as that previously described except that the liner IB is provided with apertures only throughout the portarea l I, the remainder ofthe periph ery of. the liner I0 being smooth. The action is the same except that the capacity of the unit is somewhat reduced.

'I'he liners 42 and l!! may be made of any suitablematerial.. Thus, screen wire clothof appropriate mesh may be utilized, if. desired.

Referring to Figure 6 .there is illustrateda form of the invention similar to that shown in. Figure 5,. except that in this. instance the casing I8 is provided withrecesses all and 8| extending. axially across the casing so as toy form a notch. into which the` perforateclplate, 5g which covers. the outlet 64 maybe placed.. The; perforated plate 82 is preferably normally curved to a radius which is greater than that of the housing I8.r The plate 82 is then additionally flexed. and isv run into. the grooves or notches SI). andY 8| when the end cover 34 is off the housing. The resiliency of the plate 82 tends toreturn it toits original condition of lesser curvature and hence tightly holds the edges of the plate in the notches and 8|. The normal relaxed position of plate 82 must, of course, not be suchasto reduce the clearance52 somuch that the tips ofthe impeller 48` would strike the ing or clamping device.

plate. The apparatus shown in Figure 6 is otherwise the same as that shown in Figure 5.

Referring to Figure 7 there is illustrated a somewhat modied form of the invention in which the apparatus previously described is incorporated into a tank for holding the fluid during and after it is reconstituted with the dried powder. Thus, there is provided a tank 90 of any suitable capacity having a rolled or otherwise formed top edge 9 I. Onto the top edge there is fitted a cover v92 which has a downwardly converging central conical inlet 89. The lower flange 93 of the inlet is attached to the end cover 94 of the recon- Ystituting unit, the cover 94 being flanged over at 95 to receive the cylindrical perforated cylinder l96 of the reconstituting unit. The opposite end plate 91 of the reccnstituting unit is likewise 'flanged at 90 and may be fastened to the unit by bayonet connections or any other suitable fasten- The cover plate 9'! has a plurality of perforations in its central area in- -.dicated by the bracket 99, and the end plate 94, lof course, has a large central opening corresponding to the lower end of the conical inlet vchute 89. Upon the cover there are provided upwardly extending legs |0| which 'serve to sup- 'port the motor frame |02 carrying the motor |03.

The motor is provided with adequate journals to support the downwardly extending motor shaft upon which lower end of which there is removably mounted the impeller |06 which is held in place by the nut |01. The shape of the impeller Iis similar to that described with reference to Figvures 1-6. In use liquid is put into the reservoir 90 until it reaches any level from L1 to L2, and the cover assembly 92 carrying the motor and the reconstituting apparatus, assembled as illustratedis then placed onto the reservoir 99. Initially the water of the batch enters the pump unit through the apertures 99 and fills the entire unit to the vwater level. The motor unit |63 is then started and the action of the impeller |06 causes the water within the reconstituting housing com- .posed of cylinder 96 and the end plates 94 and 9`|l to be thrown out through the apertures |08 in the cylinder |96. The impelling action also causes the water, which previously had been Astanding in the cone 92, to be drawn down and llikewise thrown out through the apertures |08.

During stable running conditions water enters through the apertures 99 and is discharged through the apertures |08 and the entire liquid -content of the cone 89 is drawn down to the level of the impeller |06. With the motor thus operating, dry powder is ladled into the cone 89 and falls directly onto the impeller |06 where it is 'thoroughly mixed with the liquid in the reconsti- -,tuting housing and is dispersed out through the openings |08 of the housing. Powder is added A-continuously until the requisite quantity has been added to produce the concentration of the dispersion or solution desired. It may be noted that throughout the time that the apparatus is running, the fluid of the housing 90 is being drawn -into the ports 99, and thus, being repeatedly mixed with incoming powder, is repeatedly passed through the reconstituting unit, thus insuring a thorough and homogeneous dispersion or solution, depending upon the solubility of the dry powder used.

Figures 8 and 9, which may be considered as representative of the cross section 8-8 of Figure '7, illustrate the pattern of apertures |08 which may be used. In Figure 8 there are three zones indicated by the dimension P throughout which y.

the cylindrical housing 96 is perforated. These zones are evenly spaced and are separated by the imperforate zones indicated by the dimension lines I. Any desired number of zones of perforate and imperforate area may be utilized, three to four such perforate zones separated by imperforate zones is preferred, although any number of such zones may be utilized. Or, if desired, the entire circumference of the cylinder may be perforated as shown in Figure 9 in which the perforations |06 are carried entirely around the cylinder 96.

Referring to Figure l0 there is illustrated a form of the invention similar to that shown in Figures '7-9, except that the power is supplied from the bottom of the vessel rather than from the top, as shown in Figure '7. Thus, in Figure 10 the vessel l0 has a bottom which is centrally apertured to receive the bearing block ||2 having a packing i3 for a gland nut I4 through which the impeller shaft I5 passes. The bearing 2 protrudes inwardly within the vessel and serves as a central mounting box on which the lower end cover ||6 of the reconstituting housing is mounted by means of its own axial central flange and |8. The end plate ||6 has an edge flange |20 which serves to locate the perforated cylindrical body |2| of the reconstituting housing. The upper end plate |22 likewise has a flangey |23 which rests upon the cylinder |2|. The upper end plate |22 also has an upwardly extending conical flange |25 into which the downwardly extending conical feed pipe |26 extends and by which it is located. The feed pipe |26 is a part of the cover |21 which has the locating flange |28 at its upper' edge so as to fit over the rolled beading |30 of the vessel 0. The vessel ||0 is supported on any suitable frame or by means of legs |3|, and the shaft ||5 is driven either by a belt or by a motor directly connected thereto. The shaft ||'5 is provided with an impeller |32 which is removable but is held in place during operation by the end nut |33.

Thelower end plate ||6 is provided with a plurality of apertures |34 which are in an annular path around the central tubular flange The cylindrical shell |2| is likewise provided with apertures |35 either throughout its periphery as shown in Figure 9 or in a plurality of separated zones as shown in Figure 8.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 10 is similar to that shown in Figure 7. In assembling the apparatus it may be assumed that all of the parts are separated and that merely the shaft I5 protrudes through the bearing I2. The end cover plate I6 is rst inserted over the bearing box and is frictionally held thereto, and the impeller |32 is pla-ced on the shaft and held by a suitable nut. The cylindrical portion |2| is then centered and nested in the flange |20, and the upper end plate |2'2 is then placed on and the cover |21, together with the conical inlet pipe |26, are then settled into place in the flange |22. Thus, the entire reconstituting assembly can be made very quickly and easily without anything more than frictional attachment between the various parts. Water in the quantity desired is then dumped into the cone |26 and as it runs through the reconstituting unit, it fills the tank ||0 and the cone |26. The drive is then started and the impeller |32 draws the Water from the cone |26 downwardly and ejects it through the apertures |35. A stabilized condition is reached at the operating speed, at which time water is drawn through theaperturels accesses |:34fand fromthef conei' |25:l and" is forced-.through apertures |'3'5along with a: certain amount of air whichy` enters through the cone |26. WithV the apparatus thus' operating the dry powder to be reconstituted is ladled' into the cone |25` and falls directly onto' the impeller |32 where itis thoroughly' mixed with the water being drawn in through the apertures |34 and the mixture is then-i forced out through the! apertures |35. rIfhis action continues as more and more powder is ladled' in until-the desired consistency of the solution or dispersion is attained.

Referring. to Figures 11` and 12 there is illustrated a small household size apparatus for rec'onstituting small batchesof dry' milk powder. The unit consists of a small cup-shaped Vessel generally designated |40 which has a bottom |4| and cylindrical sides |42. The bottom and sides are preferably perforated throughoutl their entire area. The bottom may be provided with embossings |39 which serve during operation of the device to space the bottom |4| slightly from the surface of'any container C in which the unit is used'. The cup |40 is provided with a perforate or imperforate cover |43 having a downwardly extending flange |44 all around which fits on the cylindrical portion |42 of the cup. The cover |43 has fastened thereto an upwardly extending bracket |45 which has a top part |46. The cover |43 and the top part |46 are apertured to receive the shaft |4'I` which is provided with screw threads |48 at its upper end to receive the screw on the handle |49 which has a knob |50. As the handle is turned in, preferably, the righthan'ddirection, the part |49 is screwed onto the threads |48 until they bottom on the shoulder whereupon the shaft |41 is then turned. Within the*` shell formed by the cup |40 and the cover |43 there is an S-shaped impeller |52 which is riveted or otherwise attached tothe lower end of the shaft |41. The entire apparatus may be disassembled very easily by screwing the handle |49v off vthe shaft |47', whereupon the shaft may bel withdrawn from the cover-bracket assembly |4-3| 45 and the cover may be disassembled from the cup |40. In use, however, the cover |43, shaft |41 and handle |49 are removed as a` sub-assembly from the cup |48 and one or two table* spoonfuls or more, as desired, of dry' milk powder or other powder to be reconstitutedv are introduced into Vthe cup |4El and the cover handle and impeller assembly is then again placed: on the cup and the entire unit is immersed in an appropriate quantity of'liquid L in the household vessel C. The handle |49' is then turned rapidly for 1'5 or 20 seconds which is all that is necessary for reconstituting a powder such as dried milk.`

If desired, the unit may be formed having thereon a handle |54"by which the under water elements may be steadied while handle |59 is turned during the reconstituting operation. Where it is desired to produce a more concentrated solution or dispersion than can be accomplished by the amount of powder held in the cup |40, it is only necessary to remove the unit from the partially preparedY batch, open" it and then introduce additional powder. The unit is then reassembled and again submerged in the batch and the handle again turned to produce a uniform and homogeneous batch of increased concentration.

As many apparently Widely different embodimentsV of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is tobev understood that we do notrlimitourselvesto the speciiic' embodiments hereinzexceptasfde fined bythe appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. An apparatus for mixingk solid powders and liquids comprising a centrifugal' pump having'r a stationary housing' havingY an inlet and an out.- let, an impeller' journaled for rotation therein; a liner itted snugly into the housing so'V as to'cover the outlet, said liner being disposed immediately adjacent the path of travel of thev outer' surface ofA the impeller and being perforated soV asl to present a plurality of holes at said outlet to permit iiow therethrough due to the impeller action.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further characterized in that the liner is perforated throughout its periphery including that portion over" said outlet.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further char'- acterized in that the axis of rotation of th'ef infpeller is substantially upright and that an inlet comprising a substantially upright tube: is con'- nected thereto adjacent said axis.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further char#- acterized in that the housing is a perforated cup, having a removable cover formed with journal supports for a shaft to which the impeller" l's attached.

5. The apparatus' of claim" 4- further characterized in that the shaft is provided.A with? a handle for hand rotation.

6. An apparatus for mixing solid powders and liquids comprising a vessel, a centrifugal pump assembly within the vessel and supported thereon and having a housing and an impeller therein mounted on a shaft so as to be rotated, atleast a portion of thev housing being adjacent the outer' limitsof the path of travel of the impeller, said portion being perforated to permitejection of fluids therethrough due to impeller action; a. fluid inlet into the housing adjacent the axis thereof and a solid-material inlet into said housing comprising a downwardly extending"v tube terminating at the housing adiacent the axis thereof and means for' rotating the shaft.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 further characterized in that the centrifugal unit and means for rotating the shaft' are mounted on a cover for the vessel.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 further characterized in that the vessel is provided with a bearing extending through the bottom thereof with the shaft extending therethrough, the centrifugal assembly housing being mounted on said bearing.

9. An apparatus for mixing solid powders: and` liquids comprising a stationary casing'having a cylindrical interior surface and having closed ends, at least one of said ends being mounted for easy removal from the cylindrical casing portion, said casing having an outlet port, a

and liquids comprising a casing having a cylindrical interior surface and having closed ends, at least one of said ends being mounted for easy removal from the cylindrical casing portion, said casing having a cylindrical liner of a length and diameter so as to fit neatly with a sliding t in said casing and so as to be easily removable for cleaning, said casing having an outlet port over which the liner iits when the liner` is in the casing, said liner being provided with many small apertures at least throughout that portion overlying the outlet port, a downwardly sloping inlet connection through one of the ends of the casing, an impeller shaft extending axially into the casing through one of the end walls and an impeller on said shaft, said impeller having tips which rotate with slight clearance from the inside surface of the cylindrical liner.

11. The apparatus of claim l further charac terized in that the casing, has one end solidly attached thereto, and the opposite end is easily removable to present an opening through which the liner can be removed axially.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 further characterized in that the impeller shaft extends into the casing through the solidly attached end wall but does not extend through the removable end wall, and the downwardly sloping inlet connection is formed on the removable end wall.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 further characterized in that the inlet connection terminates in a port in the end wall at the axis of the casing.

14. The apparatus of claim further characterized in that the cylindrical liner has small apertures throughout its surface.

15. The apparatus of claim 10 further characterized in that the removable end of the casing serves to clamp the cylindrical liner in place in the casing.

16. An apparatus for mixing solid powders and liquids comprising a casing having a short cylindrical bore closed at one end and open at the other end, a tangential outlet from the cylindrical bore terminating in a port in the cylindrical wall of the casing, a cylindrical sleeve having a diameter such that it slips snugly into the cylindrical bore of the casing and a length such that it covers the interior surface of the cylindrical bore, said cylindrical liner being apertured with a large number of small apertures throughout its area, a removable end for the casing having a portion to press against the end of the cylindrical sleeve and hold the same within the cylindrical bore when the removable end is in place on the casing, means for holding the removable end on the casing, a downwardly sloping inlet pipe on the removable end and terminating as an inlet port near the center of the casing end wall, a shaft extending axially through the closed end of the casing and having an impeller thereon, said impeller having tips terminating close to the interior surface of the cylindrical liner.

17. An apparatus for mixing small quantities of wettable powders with fluids comprising a cupshaped casing having a wall and bottom having a slip fitted cover for containing the powder to be mixed, a bracket having a handle thereon attached to the cover for supporting it and the casing on which the cover is slip-fitted, a shaft having a hand crank thereon extending through the bracket and cover into the casing, said casing being completely closed except that it is perforated around at least a portion of the wall and bottom thereof, an impeller vane on that por tion of the shaft which is within the casing, said impeller having tips rotatable closely adjacent the perforated wall of the casing.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 further characterized in that the shaft is attached to the hand crank by screw threads which tighten as the shaft is turned.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 further characterized in that the cup is made from perforated sheet.

SAMUEL T. COULTER. JOSEPH L. BECKER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille, of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

